Hugo Chávez coined the term “Socialism for the 21st Century” to describe the goal of Venezuela’s “Bolivarian Revolution.” What did Chávez mean by this term in theory, and how did he seek to put his ideas into practice? Now that Chávez is dead, what is his legacy? What are possible futures for the Bolivarian Revolution under current president Nicolás Maduro and in the face of angry, organized middle-class opposition?