Colonialism, settler colonialism, and the transatlantic slave trade are intertwined with the rise of capitalism. Anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggle are essential to any possibility of socialist revolution. This talk draws out the genuine tradition of Marxist internationalism by going through the developing ideas of Marx and Marxists on colonialism, anti-colonial nationalism, and revolution—including “primitive accumulation,” mode of production, uneven and combined development, imperialism, and the self-determination of oppressed nations. The talk emphasizes, finally, anti-colonial and anti-racist voices that parallel and converge with the best practices of the Bolsheviks before the rise of Stalinism.